Generally when we think of liberty, our minds turn to places like Auschwitz, Gaza or Siberia, with freedom at stake in the daily lives of the residents. Surely there was no place with that kind of history in Toronto?
But then I read a novel called Liberty Street and my curiosity was heightened. The book was about the Mercer Women’s Reformatory built in 1880, and about the mistreatment and abuse of the inmates during those early years. The address was on King St West, in the middle of current day Liberty Village, a trendy neighbourhood of glass and steel condos, and lots of night life. I knew I had to see this place for myself. So Peter and I took a Toronto Heritage tour last weekend to find out.
Our first stop on the tour was at 1151 King St West, Allan Lamport Stadium. This stadium was erected on the Reformatory Site between 1974 and 1976 after the reformatory had been demolished. The only visible signs of the reformatory are a plaque and an outline in steel on the back of a park bench.

The tour director told us that the idea behind the reformatory was that women committed “moral” crimes and could be reformed inside a prison of this type. The speaker didn’t spend too much time talking about the abuse that went on, only giving us a few ugly examples of the mistreatment, including inadequate, dried-out, stale food, and the reformatory doctor who was found to be practising sterilization and eugenics on her patients. It was so bad that inmates went to great lengths, even setting fires in their cells, as they tried to escape.
A second stop on our tour was at Toronto Carpet Factory, known for its inclusion of women in the workforce. This factory was one of the largest employers in the entire city of Toronto. But there was a dark side – the women were forced to work long hours and were paid well below the salaries of the men for doing the same work. Often there was abuse going on between the bosses and the female employees who needed those jobs so badly that they did not report such incidents.

Farther along King St, where it intersects with Strachan Ave, is the site of the former Toronto Central Prison for Men, built in 1873. In this prison the premise was that men’s crimes were more violent and they could only be reformed with physical punishment. The only building of the prison complex still standing is the chapel, a place of peace and calm, in startling contrast to the prison where the punishments were horrific.

Connecting the back doors of these two prisons was a street, running parallel to King Street. This was where the prisoners were released after their years’ long sentences. This street became known as Liberty Street. You can walk along Liberty Street today, stop for a latte or enjoy an aperol spritz while listening to jazz, or even buy a swanky condo and build a technology business from scratch. You can almost forget the ugly past of this neighbourhood.
Or you can take the GO train back to your comfortable neighbourhood where trees flourish, life is pleasant, and the past is much less disturbing.
Sue
One way in which former criminals could return to the city was via streetcar. A replica has been preserved:






















